Navajo Soldiers World War II Code Talkers

World War II had no shortage of heroes, but the conflict likely would’ve ended on a completely different note for the United States without the efforts of the Navajo soldiers known as Code Talkers. At the onset of the war, the U.S. found itself vulnerable to Japanese intelligence specialists who used their English-speaking soldiers to intercept the messages issued by the U.S. military. Each time the military devised a code, Japanese intelligence experts deciphered it. As a result, they not only learned which actions U.S. forces would take before they carried them out but gave the troops bogus missions to confuse them. To prevent the Japanese from intercepting subsequent messages, the U.S. military developed highly intricate codes that could take more than two hours to decrypt or encrypt. This was far from an efficient way to communicate. But ​World War I veteran Philip Johnston would change that by suggesting that the U.S. military develop a code based on the Navajo language. A Complex Language World War II did not mark the first time the U.S. military developed a code based on an indigenous language. In World War I, Choctaw speakers served as code talkers. But Philip Johnston, a missionary’s son who grew up on the Navajo reservation, knew that a code based on the Navajo language would be especially difficult to break. For one, the Navajo language was largely unwritten at the time and many words in the language have different meanings depending on context. Once Johnston demonstrated to the Marine Corps how effective a Navajo-based code would be in thwarting intelligence breaches, the Marines set out to sign up Navajos as radio operators. The Navajo Code in Use In 1942, 29 Navajo soldiers ranging in age from 15 to 35 years old collaborated to create the first U.S. military code based on their indigenous language. It started off with a vocabulary of about 200 but tripled in quantity by the time World War II ended. The Navajo Code Talkers could pass messages in as few as 20 seconds. According to the official Navajo Code Talkers website, indigenous words that sounded like military terms in English made up the code. â€Å"The Navajo word for turtle meant ‘tank,’ and a dive-bomber was a ‘chicken hawk.’ To supplement those terms, words could be spelled out using Navajo terms assigned to individual letters of the alphabet—the selection of the Navajo term being based on the first letter of the Navajo word’s English meaning. For instance, ‘Wo-La-Chee’ means ‘ant,’ and would represent the letter ‘A.’† U.S. Triumphs With Code The code was so complex that not even native Navajo speakers comprehended it. â€Å"When a Navajo listens to us, he wonders what in the world we’re talking about,† Keith Little, the late code talker, explained to news station My Fox Phoenix in 2011. The code also proved unique because the Navajo soldiers weren’t allowed to write it down once on frontlines of the war. The soldiers functioned essentially as â€Å"living codes.† During the first two days of the Battle of Iwo Jima, the code talkers transmitted 800 messages with no mistakes. Their efforts played a key role in the U.S. emerging from the Battle of Iwo Jima as well as the battles of Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Saipan, and Okinawa victoriously. â€Å"We saved a lot of lives†¦, I know that we did,† Little said. Honoring the Code Talkers The Navajo Code Talkers may have been World War II heroes, but the public didn’t realize it because the code created by the Navajos remained a top military secret for decades following the war. Finally in 1968, the military declassified the code, but many believed that the Navajos didn’t receive the honors befitting of war heroes. In April 2000, Sen. Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico sought to change that when he introduced a bill authorizing the U.S. president to award gold and silver congressional medals to the Navajo Code Talkers. In December 2000, the bill went into effect. â€Å"It has taken too long to properly recognize these soldiers, whose achievements have been obscured by twin veils of secrecy and time,† Bingaman said. â€Å"†¦I introduced this legislation – to salute these brave and innovative Native Americans, to acknowledge the great contribution they made to the Nation at a time of war, and to finally give them their rightful place in history.† Code Talkers Legacy The Navajo Code Talkers’ contributions to the U.S. military during World War II entered popular culture when the film â€Å"Windtalkers,† starring Nicolas Cage and Adam Beach, debuted in 2002. Although the movie received mixed reviews, it exposed a large swath of the public to World War II’s Native American heroes. The Navajo Code Talkers Foundation, an Arizona nonprofit, also functions to raise awareness about these skillful soldiers and celebrate Native American culture, history and heritage.

The Battle Of The Confederate Flag - 1106 Words

The Confederate flag remains to be a hot topic that is drawing a lot of controversy in the state of Mississippi. Some individuals feel that the flag has a right to be flying all over the state; while, others can see it removed completely. The purpose of this paper is to discuss in detail four important topics as follows: (1) the history of the Confederate flag, (2) the economic impact, (3) state agencies and municipalities’ stance and (4) the Legislative position concerning the issue. The flag originated as a banner, but in today’s society is recognized as a symbol. The symbol of the flag represents the Confederate war. Because of strong emotional ties Confederate ancestors have a particular perception of the flag. However, everyone does†¦show more content†¦The Confederate flag was utilized as a way to recognize fallen soldiers. The flag became mainstream during the Lost Cause movement which was postwar South. Rewind back to the 1940’s the flag was used for celebratory reasons, as well as, for memorial purposes. Nevertheless, where to use the flag and how it was to be used had stipulations. The owners maintained active ownership and kept the meaning of the flag in perspective. By the early 20th century evidence of change began to surface as the flag became known as a symbol of protest. The Confederate flag would be used in support of segregation and against civil rights (Coski, 2015). The Confederate flag’s primary existence was of memorializing the Confederacy this changed, and it became known as the flag fad. This trend would be responsible for the uses of the flag on college campuses in the South; as well as the popularity of the Confederate flag paraphernalia. Confederate heritage organizations tried to protect misuses of the flag. As a result, several states did pass laws prohibiting desecration, but it wouldn’t last forever. The culture that was built surrounding the Confederate flag took a turn for the worst a nd became a symbol of rebellion. The flag would not recover from this symbol of resistance, as the victory decision for the Brown v. Board of Education paved the way for desegregation. The Confederate flag would end up in the hands of the Ku Klux Klan symbolizing racial hatred, which before

Accounting Systems Financial Performance

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Systemsfor Financial Performance. Answer: Introduction:- The growth of any business firm is depended on the financial performance of the business over a particular period. The financial performances also help to ensure the continuity of the business operations. Therefore, it is very necessary to analyze the financial performances at the end of the certain period, i.e, monthly, quarterly or annually. Most of the advanced accounting software can provide necessary information, required for the financial analysis. Saasu also prepare and update such financial reports automatically with every financial transaction entry. In addition, the users can obtain many other reports from this software for measuring the performance in more effective manner (Khaneja, 2015). The report evaluates the financial performance of Streamline on the basis of the financial reports, prepared under Saasu software. It also includes various recommendations, which can improve the evaluation process and the financial performance of Streamline, as well. Analysis of Financial Performance:- The financial performance of Streamline can be evaluated in various forms. The most important aspect of any profit seeking organization is profit. Hence, the profitability ratios of Streamline for the month of February are computed below: Profitability Ratios:- Particulars Amount Total Revenue $41,337.10 Gross Profit $18,488.10 Net Profit $7,776.74 Owner's Contribution $60,000.00 Gross Profit Margin 44.73% Net Profit Margin 18.81% Return on Equity 12.96% The table depicts that Streamline has performed quite well in the period. It has converted almost 44.73% of its sales revenue into gross profit and turned 18.81% into net profit. The owner has been able to earn 12.96% return on the initial contribution. From general perspective, such performance is very satisfactory (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015). The other ratios, which can help Streamline to measure the efficiency level of its operation level, are calculated below: Efficiency Ratios:- Particulars Amount Total Revenue $41,337.10 Accounts Receivable $15,908.75 Cost of Sales $22,849.00 Inventory $8,867.00 Accounts Payable $26,400.00 Accounts Receivable Turnover Period 140.47 Inventory Turnover Period 141.65 Accounts Payable Turnover Period 303.82 Though the credit periods for accounts receivable and accounts payable are 30 days after sales and 30 days after the end of the month of purchase respectively, the average period for collecting credit sales and paying off credit purchases are 140.47 days and 303.82 respectively. The company uses to convert the inventories into sold products in 141.65 days approximately (DRURY, 2013). Strategies for Improvement in Operation:- Streamline has generated satisfactory profit margins in the current month. However, it can increase its profit margins and improve its efficiency level further by implementing the following strategies: The company should reduce the accounts receivable turnover period for increasing its cash inflows faster than the current scenario. It should convert its inventories into sold products more quickly than the present turnover period. The company should charge depreciation on its fixed assets. It will not only help the firm to increase the profit margins but also in accumulating the replacement costs of the fixed assets in future. As many of the creditors are paid before the due date, the company may ask for discount on the early payments. It can help the firm to earn more profits. The company may also maintain provisions for bad debts, so that, it can reduce the risk of any doubtful debts (Saunders Cornett, 2014). Conclusion:- Streamline has analyzed its financial performances on the basis of general financial reports. However, Saasu has many additional reporting facilities, which can be very beneficial for business decision-making. As Streamline uses Saasu software for recording its financial transactions, it may utilize the additional benefits of Saasu. The following reports, provided by Saasu, can be very helpful for Streamline: Aged Receivables Aged Payables Report: These reports can help the firm to estimate the cash inflows and cash outflows in the following period. The firm can determine in which cases, it has failed to collect or pay the dues within the due period. Forecasted Cash Flow: The forecasted cash flow can help the firm to determine the amount of cash revenues and cash expenses in the next period. Based on the forecast report, the company can take necessary business decisions accordingly (Hossack, 2015). BAS Summary: Bas summary is very effective for computing the tax expenses of the company based on the financial activities of a certain period (Schuh, 2014). Streamline can make its business decisions more effective by incorporating these reports along with the general financial statements. References:- DRURY, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer Hossack, S. (2015). Cloud-based accounting and productivity tools for practitioners and taxpayers.Taxation in Australia,50(5), 265 Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015).Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning Khaneja, S. (2015). E-Accounting in the Current Scenario: Impact of Information Technology.The International Journal of Business Management,3(9), 290 Saunders, A., Cornett, M. M. (2014).Financial institutions management. McGraw-Hill Education,. Schuh, G. (2014). ERP Enterprise Resource Planning. InCIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering(pp. 472-478). Springer Berlin Heidelberg

internship report Essay Example

internship report Paper Chapter-I Introduction 1. 1 Background of field work report It is reasonably simple exercise to identify a bank as an institution whose essential operation is to take deposit from the public and lend money. Bank accumulate a idle money from general public by providing attractive sound interest rate in their deposit and disburses the collected deposits as loan to business organization, industrial sector and needy people etc. so we can say that main task of commercial bank is to mobilize idle resources in productive areas by collecting it from scattered sources and generating profit. Thus, bank fulfills the investment requirement of avers with the credit needs of investors. In this way bank plays an imperative role in our economy by providing effective service efficiently towards the attainment of economic development. 1. 2 Origin of Banking in Nepal The term bank is derived from the Italian word Banca which means bench. According to various economists in past stage, Italian people did monetary transactions on the bench so that bank word emerged. Bank is also known as Banquee in French language. Modern banking originated in medieval Italy, despite strong Christian prohibitions against usury according to the canon law. The Bank of Venice was established in Venice, Italy in 1157 AD as the first Banking institution in the world. The secondly banking institution namely The Bank of Barcelona and The Bank of Genoa in 1401 AD and 1407 AD respectively. Where The Bank of England of I-JK was established in 1694 AD as a Joint stock bank and later on in 1844 AD. The bank of England became the first central bank of the world. The history of banking dates backs to sixteenth century. We will write a custom essay sample on internship report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on internship report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on internship report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, in Nepal formal banking system was introduced only in November 1937 AD with the establishment of Nepal Bank LTD NBL) which is regarded as pioneer institution of modern banking system and serves as a sole financial institution of country for nearly two decades. Prior to establishment of this bank, the banking needs of people were fulfilled to certain extent only by organized financial institution the TeJartha Adda. Committee Boards Udyog Parisad was indeed a landmark in opening new avenue in field of banking industry and commerce. Accordingly, NBL was established in November 1937 AD under Nepal banking act as Joint venture between government and private sector and replaced the TeJartha Adda by taking over its operation and overcoming its imitation. To regulate issue of currency, securing country wide circulation of Nepalese currency, achieving stable exchange rate to mobilize capital for economic development and for stimulation of trade, industry and banking sector, Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) come into existence in April 26, 1956 as a countrys Central Bank. After this NRB diverted its attention to wards, development of banking system by formulating relevant polices and procedure. In this connection Commercial Bank Act 1963 was promulgated, credit control regulation was formulated. Hence, further shouldering the banking services. The Rastriya BaniJya Bank (RBB) was established in unaer R Y64 wltn Tully government owned commercial Dank. Slnce financial sector in Nepal is small, it is ghastly growing. At present, banking system comprises of NRB, eleven commercial bank, three Development Bank, five Grameen Bikash Bank or Rural Development Bank. Non bank financial system comprises 42 finance companies, 13 contractual saving institution (employees provident fund and insurance companies), 20 cooperative institution, 30 non-governmental organization, conducting limited banking activities transaction, postal saving offices of eleven ommercial bank, two are government controlled bank and rest are Joint venture bank. The commercial bank, Act1974 gets out regulation for licensing, supervisor and cancellation of commercial bank. The Joint venture bank currently comprises nine in number, the first of which started operation in 1984. Finally, it is relevant to define the meaning of commercial bank according to Commercial Bank Act 2031 , which requires Commercial Bank Means a bank which operates currency exchange transactions, accepts deposits, provide loans and perform, deadline relating to commerce, and other than these banks which have been specified for the ooperative, agriculture, industry likely and other specified objective. 1. 2. Function of Commercial Bank Main function of commercial bank is to lending and borrowing of money from and to people It is oldest and main function. Although, in the previous years banks were viewed as acceptor of deposits than provider of loan, but modern commercial banks have to perform for overall development of trade, commerce, industry, agriculture including priority and deprived sector. The growing banking needs and habits of people and competitive environment has made th e banking sector hallenging and their operation cannot be under emphasized in present context of market globalization. The main traditional functions of commercial banks are highlighted below: Acceptance of deposits Current account Saving account Fixed deposit account Advancing Loans Cash credit Loan Bank overdraft Discounting bill of exchange Credit Creation Agency Function Collection and payments of cheques, draft, dividend. Payment of subscription, electricity, water bill, insurance, premium Miscellaneous Functions Custodian of valuables Issues of letter of credit Dealing with foreign exchange Supply of information of trade and commerce. Modern banking functions are illustrated in the following figure : Hgure 1: Vltal Tunctlons perTormea Dy ull Origin of Modern Bank 1157 AD Establishment of bank of Venice 1401 AD Establishment of bank of Barcelona 1407 AD Establishment of bank of Genoa 1603 AD Establishment of bank of Amsterdam 1619 AD Establishment of bank of Haimberg 1694 AD Establishment of bank of England 1770 AD Establishment of The bank of Hindustan 1934 AD Establishment of Nepal Bank Ltd. 1957 AD Establishment of Nepal Rastra Bank Table 1: Origin of Modern Bank service BanKlng Ins tltutlons today The next stage was the money lenders. He started advancing the coins on loan by charging interest. He started to keep some reserve as a safeguard. In this way thegoldsmith money lender become a banker who started performing the two functions of modern banking that of accepting deposits and advancing loans. 1. 3 Origin of Bank in Nepal Pre-modern banking system is found during the reign of Rana Prime Minister Ranoddip Singh in 1880 A. D. Towards the end of 14th century, Tanka Dhari meaning money under, were tne owners 0T tne monltory transaction aurlng tne perloa 0T Prime Minister Ranadip Singh established TeJarath . n 1938 state financial institute hich supply credit or loan against security. Establishment of banking system in Nepal is as follows 14th Century Introduction of Tankadhari 1938 B. S. Establishment of TeJarath Adda 1994 B. S. 2013 B. S. Industrial development centre 2016 B. S. Conversion of Industrial development center into Nepal Industrial development corporation. 2022 B. S Establishment of Rastriya BaniJya Bank 2024 B. S. Establishment of Agricultural Development Bank. 2041 B. S. Nepal Arab Bank Ltd. 2042 B. S. Indosuez Bank Ltd. (Nepal Investment Bank) 2043 B. S. Nepal Grindlays Bank (Standard Chartered Bank) 2049 B. S. Himalayan Bank Ltd. Table 2: Establishment of Banking System in Nepal 1. 4 Company Analysis 1 Introduction 0T NaDll Ba NABIL Bank Ltd. is Nepals first major Joint venture Bank, which commenced operation on 12th July, 1984 under the technical services agreement approved by Nepal Rastra Bank. Finding the potential market, Dubai bank Ltd, Dubai in Joint venture with Nepal gave birth to the first Joint venture bank of Nepal. It was established on 12th July, 1984 under name of Nepal Arab bank Ltd. Later the Dubai bank ltd, Dubai emerged with Emirates Bank Ltd, Dubai, with the help of special resolution passed in the AGM, the name Nepal Arab Bank Ltd. ave been changed to NABIL BANK LTD. Nabil Bank Limited had the official name Nepal Arab Bank Limited till 31st December 2001. Under this provision Dubai Bank Ltd, Dubai (Later acquired by Emirates Bank of International Limited, Dubai) was the first Joint venture partner of Nabil. Nabil bank has a history and culture of its own of setting standard of operations and providing services. It provides international quality of services to its customers and some invaluable advices to its clients with the help of professionals hired by the bank. Nabil bank has expanded its size and volume of transactions and t gives employment to 372 staff members who are dedicated professionals working as a team for the cause of this organization. Today Nabil bank holds one of the strongest networks in and outside Nepal compared to other financial institutes of Nepal. Nabil bank today can be termed as a full service bank in every sense which is able to meet entire rage of financial requirements and services of its customers and clients. It is the pioneer commercial bank of Nepalese economy which sets the benchmark for the industry. The management and the board members are the true assets of the organization who have made it what it is today. . 4. 2 The Core philosophy of Nabil Bank Core philosophy can be expressed in terms of vision mission and objective of any organization. Nabil Bank has the following Mission, Brand Promise and Vision. They are: Mission: To become the bank of first choice Brand Promise: miour Bank at your service Vision: It is expressed in terms of CRISP, where C = Customer Focused R = Result Oriented I = Innovative S = Synergetic P = Professional Objectives of Nabil Bank are: Promotion of national economy, society and individuals. Providing international quality banking services to the corporate. Enhancing the arket share. Not only providing employment opportunities but also career development pan for the employees of the bank. Providing quality banking services to the segment of customers in the commercial sector of Nepal. Identify business prospect. Introduce modern banking technology to facilitate transactions. Innovating new technology to enhance and facilitates transactions along with convenience and customers satisfaction. Mobilizing capital in important areas. Entrepreneurship development. Maxlmlzlng tne market value 0T tne snare ana ensurlng Internal staDlllty along wltn internal strength. Participation in social causes. 1. 4. 3 Capital structure and Ownership structure Capital Structure Authorized Capital RS. 500 Million Issued Capital RS. 492 Million Paid Up Capital (4. 916. 544 Shares of Rs. 00 each) Table 3: Capital Structure of Nabil Bank Nabil has the authorized capital of Rs. 500 Million, Issued Capital of Rs. 492 Million and Paid up capital of Rs. 492 Million. Ownership Structure N. B. International Limited, Ireland Nepalese Public Nepal Industrial Development Corporation Rastriya Beema Sansthan 9. 67% Nepal Stock Exchange Limited 0. 33% Total 100% Table 4: Ownership Structure of Nabil B ank. The sharing holding of Nabil Bank Ltd can also be expressed in the form of following illustration. Figure 2: Ownership Structure of Nabil Bank Branches of Nabil Bank No. Branches Established Kantipath Branch, Kantipath Kathmandu 2042/03/14 2. Nabil House-corporate Banking Nabil House Kamaladi, Kathmandu 2041/03/29 Jorpati Branch, Jorpati, Kathmandu 2040/03/29 4. New road Branch, New road Kathmandu 2042/12/29 5. Airport Exchange Counter, Tribhuvan International Airport 2046 6. Credit Card Counter, Thamel Kathmandu 2054 7. Lalitpur Branch, Lalitpur Kathmandu 2049/10/19 8. BirgunJ Branch, Adarshnagar, BirgunJ 2045/01/18 . Sugauli Branch, Parsa 2045/03/28 10. Biratnagar Branch, Goswara road Biratnagar 2048/09/26 11. Itahari Branch, Mainroad Itahari 12. Pokhara Branch, Chipledhunga, Pokhara 2053/09/1 5 13. Credit Card Counter, Lakeside Phokara 14. Butwal Branch, Mainroad Butwal, Rupendehi 15. Bhalwadi Branch, Bhalwadi Rupendhi 2033/04/01 16. Bhairawaha Branch, Narayanpath Bhairawa 17. Tripureshwor Branch,Tripureshwor laDle 5: Brancnes 0T NaDll Ba 1. 4. 4 Managerial Aspects Nabil bank comprises of an experienced and qualified managerial team which is responsible for taking the bank into new heights of success and development. Formulating vital strategies, decision making in vital issues are some of the crucial activities of the top managerial level. Some of the important top managers are presented below: Mr. Anil Gyawali (Chief Executive Officer) Central Operations Mr. Binay Kumar Regmi Chief Operating Officer Ms Neelam Tuladhar Head Branches and Distribution Network Mr. Rajesh Kumar Upadhyaya Head Information Technology Mr. Jyoti Bahadur K. C. Head Central Trade Operations Ms. Anita Giri Head Central Processing Center Mr. Rajeshwor Lal Shrestha Head Administration Mr. Sulabh Kumar Shrestha Manager HO Operations Risk Units Mr. Anil Kumar Khanal Chief Risk Officer Mr. RaJendra Bahadur Malla Head PLU Credit Ms. Neena Thapa Head- Credit Risk Management Mr. Binaya Nath Neupane Senior Credit Analyst Mr. swar Man Shrestha Mr. Babu Ratna BaJracharya Mr. Yugesh Lal BiJukchhe Head -Operation Risk, KYC AML Corporate Banking Project Financing Mr. Deepak Shrestha Head Corporate Banking and Infrastructure Ms. Namita Dixit Sr. Relationship Manager, Kathmandu Mr. Sanjay Nepal sr. Relatlonsnlp Manager, Katnmanau Mr. Gyanendra Pratap Shah Mr. Pushkar Raj Bhattarai Relationship Manager, Biratnagar Mr. Keshav Bahadur Nepali Relationship Manager, BirgunJ SME, Micro and Personal Lending Mr. Gyaneshwor Acharya Head SME Mr. SaroJ Pyakurel Head PLU Mr. Pankaj Prakash Nepal Relationship Manager, Kathmandu Deposit Relation Management E Channels Mr. Ramesh Prasad Lohan Head- Deposit Relation Management Mr. Kabindra Prasad Shrestha Sr. Relationship Manager Mr. Suresh Prasad Tripathee Mr. Buddhi Ram Sharma Head Inward Sourcing Mr. NiraJ Sharma Head Card Division E-Channel Finance Planning Mr. Krishna Dutta Bhattarai Chief Finance Officer Treasury Mr. Mohan Subba Head Treasury Human Resources Mr. Roshan Koirala Head Human Resources Bancassurance Mr. Satish Sagar Dawadi BM LP Head- Bancassurance Internal Audit Ms. AnJuli Shrestha Head Internal Audit Nabil Investment Banking (Subsidiary of Nabil) Mr. Praveen Raman ParaJuli CEO- Nabil Investment Banking (on deputation) Table 6: Managerial Team of Nabil Bank. NaDll Dank comprises 0T tne Tollowlng Board 0T Dlrectors . Table 7: Board of Directors of Nabil Bank 1. 4. 5 Organization Structure I ney are presented The organizational structure or form of a bank has evolved over a number of years in order to perform the various roles of the bank and also to provide the services efficiently and effectively. Banks are usually organized according to the functions they perform to the extent possible so that the bank can run smoothly. Nabil Bank has a Branch Banking Organization Structure. The structure of NABIL is such that it facilitates all the functions carried out by the whole organization and also supports the huge volume of transactions that takes place in the bank on daily basis. The bank has many departments to facilitate the business processes that have good coordination amongst each other. The bank has a line of authority that flows from the top to the bottom of the organizational hierarchy however the flow of information in NABIL uses both top-bottom and bottom-up approach. The organizational chart of NABIL as obtained from the bank is as follows: Figure 3: Organization structure of Nabil bank. 1. 4. 6 Major Business The major businesses of Nabil Bank are categorized into the following headings. They are I. Business Banking It includes major two businesses. They are loan and trade finance. They are briefly explained below: A) Loan: At Nabil Bank the following loan products are available ,they are : Working Capital Loan Overdraft / Short term loans to finance the day-to-day business activities. Basically, his loan helps to build up the inventory and receivables to a desired level, against which the loan will be disbursed. Fixed Capital Loan It is to finance the projects or acquire fixed assets. Generally, this is a long term loan for acquiring or purchasing machinery, equipment, land and building. The tenure of repayment is cash flow based. Import Loan It is to finance international and local trade transactions through letter of credit, and thus ultimately help in importing using the extensive banking network around the globe. Export Loan It is to finance on the funding requirement for completion of various stages of the