Twilight vs Trueblood

The point of this essay is to show the many similarities and differences of Twilight and True Blood. Vampires, how many different stories have you heard about these creatures. Do movies and Television shows differentiate on these creatures? In this essay I will be discuss only two of these vampires, Edward Cullen and Bill Compton. While they are both vampires and share some similarities, most of the story line of these two stories is completely different. From a human drinking vampire who has bottles of True Blood, to a vegan vampire who only consumes animal blood.Then I will discuss the way that both of the characters, as vampires, die. Finally I will bring up some common myths that these two charters have proven incorrect. This will prove that no two stories about vampires are exactly the same. Are you aware of the many similarities and differences of Twilight and True Blood? What sets them apart? Are they alike? If so what do these two have in common? In this essay we will look at the differences of these two vampire movies and what the two have in common and discover what it is that makes these two things different.And what do these two have in common Note: This essay will explore the movie film and television versions of these two stories that are based on books by Stephanie Meyer and Charmaine Harris. There could be differences between the written material and their screen adaptations. Twilight is based on a vampire named Edward Cullen that tries to keep from killing or drinking from humans and ends up falling in love with a girl called Bella Swan at the high school where he is trying to pass himself off as a teenager.There are three main things that set Edward and his family apart from other vampires. These make the vampires of these stories different. The three things are that he has a coven that stays awake during the day, he is fine with sunlight exposure, and did I mention that he is a vegan. Edward Cullen is in a coven also called the tribunal. This is what governs the decisions for Edward and his family of vampires. The coven can control the rules over all the vampire including Edward and his family.Some of those rules are; that’s enforced are no problems with the exposure to direct sunlight, no biting or drinking of any kind of humans and only kill the animals you eat once a month. Edward and his family differ also because of the different powers that they all possess. Edward has the power to read people’s minds, his sister Alice can see the future and jasper can control emotions. These are only three of the family members; there are nine in his family. When Edward or any of his family members are exposed to the sun, they do not react the same way as other stories portray.Most of the time a vampire will burst in to gigantic flames killing themselves in a slow painful death. These vampires however do something else instead. When Edward or a family member goes out in the sunlight, they do not immediately burst in to flames, their skin is different. The skin of Edward or his family members instead looks like it is made out of thousands of diamonds. Edward and his family do not drink from humans, making them vegans. Instead they drink from the blood of animals such as cougars, bears, and deer’s.Edward and his family do not want to kill; this is what sets them apart from other vampires in this story. In the story vegans are considered traitors to the other vampires. The reason for why Edward and his family are vegan’s, is because he and his family have made a peace treaty with the werewolves who live on the same land. True Blood is based on vampires who have â€Å"came out of the closet† and gone public with society and now live amongst us known. Because of the public knowledge of their existence, they were able to manufacture True Blood, a diet supplement of blood in bottles.This could be purchased at any store or bars across the US. While true blood is acceptable, vampir es truly like human blood still. This essay is about one of the vampires in general, Bill Compton. He is one of the main characters in the first and second season. He too had a government, but it was much more royal than that of Edwards. A king and queen of the vampires had a chain of command with sheriff that had borders of land to maintain. He also differed from Edward in the risks of death, as they are more common to most vampire stories.He unlike Edward and his family drank or at the very least tried to drink the True Blood. He does not like the notion of killing so instead drinks true blood. This is a synthetic blood, which is a form of blood that’s porous was to be a replacement for the blood of humans. Bill is on this diet of this fake blood. The True Blood universe unlike that of twilight is much more diverse as there are vampires, witches, shape shifters, werewolves, were panthers and even fairies, and other magical beings that live in this world. In Twilight, there' s only werewolves and vampires.Like most of the stories you hear about vampires there is risk in his death if bill goes out into the sun he will burn. Another thing that is different from the vampires in twilight is that they can be hurt by silver this is something new as this is normally found in the stories that tell of werewolf lore and not that of vampire. So in conclusion to this these are the similarities and differences of Twilight and True Blood. True Blood is the in a way the adult version of Twilight there is a lot more things in true blood that are meant for a more mature audience then twilight.There's a lot of violence and sex in True Blood. Twilight is pretty chaste and tame with the sensuality, but there is plenty of violence, though not as gory as that one might find in True Blood. True Blood tends to go more to the horror side; Twilight goes more to the fantasy side. The True Blood universe is much more diverse. There's vampires, witches, shape shifters, werewolves, were panthers and even fairies. As far as charters go one of True Blood‘s best characters is Lafayette. He is a classic, sassy gay male that died in the book. ow that you can tell them apart you can now go and compare these to other different vampire horror movies and see what sets these apart from others of our time. There are two main vampires Edward Cullen and Bill Compton. These two vampires have many differences a as they do have some similarities. They both drink blood but have different lifestyle choses. They both can die, however in different ways. As always there will be myths and urban legends about vampires. From feeding habits and sleeping habits theses are only some of the many myths that are out there that I have chosen to write about.

Air Asia Strategic Report Essay

Introduction Definition A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline is an airline that generally has lower fares and fewer comforts. To make up for revenue lost in decreased ticket prices, the airline may charge for extras like food, priority boarding, seat allocating, and baggage etc. The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower operating cost structure than their competitors. While the term is often applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services, regardless of their operating models, low-cost carriers should not be confused with regional airlines that operate short flights without service, or with full-service airlines offering some reduced fares. In due course, some airlines have actively sought to market and advertise themselves as low-cost, budget, or discount airlines while maintaining products usually associated with traditional mainline carrier’s services which often result in increased operational complexity. Among these products which tend to increase complexity to reduce efficiency are preferred or assigned seating, catering other items rather than basic beverages, differentiated premium cabins, satellite or ground based wi-fi internet, and in-flight audio video entertainment. As such by advertising themselves as low-cost, this branch and category of airlines seek to gain a competitive marketing advantage over other similarly priced air transportation carrier’s products; even though in actuality fare prices for the passenger may be parallel to that of other airlines. History While tour and package operators have been offering lower-priced, lower frilled traveling for a large part of modern airline history, not until during the post Vietnam War era did this business model really escalate and take off. Through various ticket consolidators, charter airlines and innovators in low frills airline business such as Channel Airways and Court Line, the traveling public had been conditioned to want to travel to new and increasingly further away and exotic locations on vacation, rather than short-haul trips to nearby beach resorts or resorts. The first low-cost airline was Southwest Airlines which started flying in 1971.[8] The first airline offering no-frills transatlantic service was Freddie Laker’s Laker Airways, which operated its famous â€Å"Skytrain† service between London and New York City during the late 1970s. The service was suspended after Laker’s competitors, British Airways and Pan Am, were able to price Skytrain out of the market. In the United States, airline carriers such as America West Airlines which commenced operations after 1978, soon realized a cost of available seat mile advantage in relation to the traditional and established, legacy airlines such as Trans World Airlines and American Airlines. Often this CASM advantage has been attributed, solely to the lower labor costs of the newly hired and lower pay grade workers of new start up carriers, such as People Express Airlines, ValuJet, Midway Airlines, and their like. However, these lower costs, can also be attributed to the less complex aircraft fleets, and less complex route networks these new carriers began operations with, as well as the vastly less costly and freshly trained labor force. To combat the new round of low cost and start up entrants into the very competitive and deregulated United States airline industry, the mainline major carriers and network legacy carriers strategically developed no frills divisions within the main airlines brand and corporate structures. Among these were Metro Jet and Continental Lite. These so-called airlines within an airline however, proved to be very short lived, for the most part and a financial burden which were quickly disposed off when economic rationalization or competitive pressures subsided. Story of Air Asia Air Asia, as the second Malaysian National Airline, provides a totally different type of service in line with the nation’s aspirations to benefit all citizens and worldwide travellers. Such service takes the form of a no frills – low airfares flight offering, 40%-60% lower than what is currently offered in this part of Asia. Their vision is â€Å"Now Everyone Can Fly† and their mission is to provide ‘Affordable Airfares’ without any compromise to Flight Safety Standards. Air Asia is Asia’s largest low-fare, no-frills airline and a pioneer of low-cost travel in Asia. Air Asia group operates scheduled domestic and international flights to over 400 destinations spanning 25 countries. Its main hub is the Low-Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) at Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA). Its affiliate airlines Thai Air Asia, Indonesia Air Asia, Air Asia Philippines and Air Asia Japan have hubs in Suvarnabhumi Airport, Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, Clark International Airport and Narita International Airport respectively. AirAsia’s registered office is in Petaling Jaya, Selangor while its head office is at Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Air Asia was established in 1993 and began operations on 18 November 1996. It was originally founded by a government-owned conglomerate, DRB-Hicom. On 2 December 2001 the heavily-indebted airline was bought by former Time Warner executive Tony Fernandes’s company Tune Air Sdn Bhd for the token sum of one ringgit (about USD 0.26 at the time) with USD 11 million (MYR 40 million) worth of debts. Fernandes turned the company around, producing a profit in 2002 and launching new routes from its hub in Kuala Lumpur, undercutting former monopoly operator Malaysia Airlines with promotional fares as low as MYR 1 (USD 0.27). AirAsia operates with the world’s lowest unit cost of USD 0.023/ASK and a passenger break-even load factor of 52%. It has hedged 100% of its fuel requirements for the next three years, achieves an aircraft turnaround time of 25 minutes, has a crew productivity level that is triple that of Malaysia Airlines, and achieves an average aircraft utilization rate of 13 hours a day.[10] All scheduled Air Asia departures from Kuala Lumpur use the Low cost carrier terminal. AirAsia had abolished its fuel surcharges on November 2008, but, due to rising oil prices, the fuel surcharge was re-introduced in May 2011. Tony Fernandes Fernandes was born on 30th April 1964 into a family that had no prior knowledge or experience of business; his father was a physician from Goa (India) and his mother was a music teacher of Malaccan-Portuguese descent. In other words, Fernandes came from an Indian-Malaysian family of professionals; the new middle class that emerged in Malaysia from the 1960s. Like many other middle class families, the Fernandes had sufficient wealth to send Fernandes to study in England. Fernandes, at the age of 12, went to London in 1976 to study at Epsom College and attended the London School of Economics in which he graduated in 1987 with a degree in accounting. In total, he spent some 11 years in London, a painful separation from his parents who could not afford to pay for his flights back to Malaysia. It was this experience, according to Brown that gave him an insight into the benefits of perhaps developing cheap international carriers. However, at this stage his career path did not take him into the airline business. Upon graduation from the London School of Economics Fernandes took the normal route of working in accounting jobs. Fernandes worked briefly at Virgin Communications, a television division of the Virgin Group of companies. What did Fernandes learn from Virgin? The main benefit was the experience of working in a global company, acquiring insights into the running of an international business, and developing an impressive resume which worked in his favour in being appointed to the position of Senior Financial Analyst at Warner Music International. in London. At Warner, Fernandes showed strong business acumen. He started in 1989 as Senior Financial Analyst, and by 2001, when he resigned from Warner, he was the Vice President, ASEAN region. Within 12 years at Warner he was promoted four times that is on average he was promoted every three years. Fernandes’ time at Warner Music was significant because it was during this period that Fernandes matured and transformed himself from being a mere accountant into a strategist with an analytical mind. Fernandes’ ability to think strategically, and understand his environment from a macro perspective, was the reason why Fernandes felt compelled not to be part of Warner’s ill-fated merger with America Online Inc. in 2001. This incident was said to be the catalyst for Fernandes’ decision to switch careers after 12 years with Warner and begin his journey with Air Asia. It was through Datuk Pahamin A. Rejab, the former secretary-general of the Malaysian Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs Ministry that Fernandes came to meet with then Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad in October 2001. Instead of starting from scratch, Mahathir advised Fernandes to buy an existing airline instead. Air Asia, the heavily-indebted subsidiary of the Malaysian government-owned conglomerate, DRB-Hicom, was quickly losing money. Fernandes mortgaged his home and used his personal savings to acquire the company, comprising two ageing Boeing 737-300 jets and US$11 million (RM40 million) worth of debts, for one ringgit (about 26 US cents), and transformed it into an industry player. Coming just after the September 11 attacks of 2001, everyone thought that Fernandes had gone â€Å"crazy†, predicting that the company would fail miserably. Yet, just one year after his takeover, Air Asia had broken even and cleared all its debts. Its initial public offering (IPO) in November 2004 was oversubscribed by 130 per cent. Fernandes says his timing was in fact perfect after 11 September 2001, aircraft leasing costs fell 40%. Also, airline lay-offs meant experienced staffs were readily available. He believed Malaysian travelers would embrace a cut-rate air service that would save them time and money, especially in a tight economy. That was why he copied one of the world’s most successful no-frills carriers, Ireland’s Ryanair (which is in turn modeled after Southwest Airlines in the United States). Fernandes estimates about 50 per cent of the travellers on Asia’s budget airlines are first-time flyers. Before AirAsia, he estimated that only six per cent of Malaysians had ever travelled in a plane. Strategies Adopted to Compete with Rivals 1. Single Class No Frills Service As with most low-cost airlines, Air Asia operated a single class-service, without frills and at substantially lower prices: passengers are not allocated seats, do not receive meals, entertainment, amenities (i.e. pillows or blanks), loyalty program points, or access to airport lounges. Air Asia’s aircraft are designed to minimize wear and tear, cleaning time and cost. This reduced cleaning and maintenance expenses, loading and unloading times and costs, and allowed quicker turnarounds between flights, improving process efficiencies and resulted in lower costs all around. 2. High Aircraft Utilization & Efficient Operations Compared with other airlines, Air Asia’s usage of its aircraft and staff is more efficient. Such (high) efficiency and utilization means that the overhead and fixed costs associated with an aircraft are lower on a per flight basis. For example, seating configurations to Air Asia’s Boeing 737-300 aircraft were maximized, having 16 more seats than the standard configuration adopted by full-service competitors. In addition, Air Asia’s aircraft (i.e. point-to-point services kept flights to no more than 4 hours, minimizing turnaround time), and employees (i.e. encouraged to perform multiple roles), were used more effectively and intensively than competitors. Its point-to-point services enabled Air Asia to operate its aircraft an average of approximately 13 hours/day. It was 2.5 hours more efficient then full-services airlines, which only managed to use their aircraft for an average 10.5 hours/day. Furthermore, the average turnaround time for Air Asia’s aircraft is lesser (e.g. 25 minutes), as compared to full-service airlines (e.g. 45-120 minutes). 3. Single Aircraft Type Operating a single aircraft type enabled Air Asia to have substantial cost savings: maintenance was simplified and cheaper, the spare parts inventory was minimized, infrastructure and equipment needs were reduced, staff and training needs were lowered (i.e. easy for pilot dispatch), and better purchase terms could be negotiated. For instance, its large purchase of A-320s would make Air Asia one of the relatively few low cost airlines operating this aircraft. With fuel accounting for almost 50% of the total operating costs for the airline, the A-320s would provide an important cost saving of lower fuel usage by about 12%; increasing the airline’s profitability. 4. Low Fixed Cost Air Asia achieved low fixed costs through successful negotiations for low lease rates for its aircraft, low rates for its long-term maintenance contracts, and low airport fees. This enabled Air Asia to reduce its overheads and investments in equipments substantially in the absence of fringe services. As a result of its successful negotiations, Air Asia’s contractual lease charges per aircraft decreased by more than 60% over the years. Aircraft maintenance contract costs were also reported to be substantially lower than other airlines, giving Air Asia a competitive advantage, which was further compounded by its young fleet. Furthermore, the airline’s high safety and maintenance standards allowed Air Asia to procure rates that were favorable on its insurance policies. 5. Low Distribution Costs By utilizing information technology (i.e. being the first airline in Southeast Asia to utilize e-ticketing, bypassing traditional travel agents), Air Asia achieved low distribution costs by eliminating the need for large and expensive booking/reservation systems, and agents’ commissions. This saved the airline the cost of issuing physical ticket (i.e. estimated at US$10 per ticket). 6. Minimizing Personnel Expenses As a high portion of costs was the salaries and benefits for its employees, Air Asia implemented flexible work rules, streamlining administrative functions, which allowed employees to perform multiple roles within a simple and flat organizational structure. Having employees perform multiple roles enabled Air Asia to deploy fewer employees per aircraft (i.e. ratio of 106 per aircraft versus 110 employees or more for competitors), saving on overhead costs and maximizing employees’ productivity, as process efficiencies are improved. Air Asia’s employees were not unionized, hence its rumination policy focused on maximizing efficiency and productivity, whilst keeping staff costs at levels consistent with low-cost carrier industry standards. Although salaries offered to employees were below that of rivals, all employees were offered a wide range of incentives (i.e. productivity and performance-based bonuses, share offers, and stock options). In addition, rather than an hourly pay scale for its pilots, Air Asia adopted a sector pay policy: pilots were provided incentives to enhance flight operation efficacies by keeping flight and operating times to a minimum, and to cover as many flight sectors as possible within a day. The absence of in-flight services made it possible for the airline to reduce the number of cabin crew per light, saving on employee cost. 7. Maximizing Media Coverage Being a leader among budget airlines in Southeast Asia, Air Asia received regular coverage from media outlets. Air Asia managed to promote brand awareness without incurring high sales and marketing expenses. In all of his media appearances, Air Asia Group CEO Tony Fernandes always appeared wearing a red Air Asia baseball cap and his statements reinforcing Air Asia’s positioning to offer low prices generating media attention for the airline. However, Air Asia also invested heavily where required Air Asia’s major sponsorship for Manchester United, involved global sponsorship and advertising, and promoted the brand beyond its traditional regions. This exposed to the airline to eyeballs around the world. The sponsorship generated awareness for the airline amongst foreign travelers. This is especially important as a lot of tourists frequent south east Asia at different parts of the year whether it be for business or pleasure. 8. Use of Secondary Airports Air Asia, as with most low-cost airlines, usually operated out of secondary airports which allowed Air Asia to charge lower fares, as operation costs were lower. Landing, parking, and ground handling fees were lower, with more slots for landings and takeoffs. 9. Low fare of Indonesia-Malaysia trip The fare for a Jakarta-Johor Baru trip costs Rp 100,000 whereas the fare is Rp 150,000 for a Bandung-Kuala Lumpur flight, and Rp 300,000 for a Surabaya-Kuala Lumpur trip. But this is nothing when compared to the airfare of a Jakarta-Kuala Lumpur air ticket from Malaysia Airlines available at travel agents for as much as Rp 1.4 million. Meanwhile, Lion Air on the same route, charged Rp 1.05 million. The low fare provided by Air Asia helps it open the Indonesia market. Due to this huge difference in the priced we can see how Air Asia has opened and monopolised the Indonesian market for itself. 10. Low fare of Singapore-Bangkok service Air Asia will increase its services between Singapore & Bangkok by introducing a 2nd daily flight to its existing schedule. This recent development came barely a month after Thai Air Asia operations started its first international flight to Singapore in early February this year. Air Asia is offering its guests promotional fares to/from Singapore- Bangkok from SGD$23.99 (Rs.1055). It is much lower than the lowest fare SGD$56 (Rs.2461) offered by full-service carrier. This difference is crucial for Air Asia as Singapore is the Asia Pacific headquarters for many multinational corporations and therefore business travel would be inevitable. 11. Political connections Air Asia holds 49% of Thai Air Asia with 1% being held by a Thai individual. The remaining 50% is held by Shin Corp. which is owned by the family of Thailand’s Prime Minister, Thaksin Shinawatra. Shin Corp. with its dominance of the Thai information and technology sector supports Air Asia’s Internet and mobile phone bookings facilities. Shin Corp. allows subscribers of the Shin mobile phone flagship, Advanced Information Service, to reserve tickets through its short-messaging service (SMS). This is a huge competitive boost to the airline in this part of the world. Not only does Shin Corp have the financial muscle to aid Air Asia if need be but also help them from a strategic point of view. Overall it’s a win win situation for Air Asia. This allows Air Asia to dominate the Thai market. 12. Malaysian government support The Malaysian government supported the establishment of Air Asia in 2001 to help boost the under-used Kuala Lumpur International Airport. Air Asia’s flights from Senai are meant to develop Johor into a transport hub to rival Singapore. Air Asia, therefore, can provide an alternative route to travel to Bangkok, by using Senai Airport in Johor Bahru, in southern Malaysia. Although this is strategically advantageous to the Malaysian government in terms of revenue generated from the use of the airport, Air Asia stands to benefit as well due to its dominance of the low cost market. Visitors coming from the west may one day prefer Kuala Lumpur to Singapore as a transit hub. The opportunity is huge as the ultimate destination i.e. Bangkok attracts tourists and business travelers all year round. 13. Political Connections Thai AirAsia is a join venture established by AirAsia with Shin Corp. Shin Corp. is owned by the family of Thailand’s Prime Minister, Thaksin Shinawatra, and about 900 million baht will be invested in Thai Air Asia over a five-year period. Shin Corp. oversees the finance and administration of Thai Air Asia while Air Asia shoulders the responsibility for marketing and operations. Shin Corp. has financial strength and supports AirAsia to grow. 14. Low cost Philosophy To reinforce its low-cost structure, Air Asia instilled a low-cost culture, emphasizing on cost avoidance. For example, emphasis was placed on the elimination of avoidable expanses such as tag costing (despite reach tag costing less than US$0.05), turning off cabin lights at appropriate times, and not overheating in-flight ovens. Such cost saving measures enabled Air Asia to achieve costs per average seat kilometer of US$0.0213 (the lowest for any airline in the world), with its margins of 38% (before taxes, interests, depreciation, and amortization) being the highest in the world in 2004. Therefore, in conclusion, by eliminating the provision of costly in-flight services, flying a standard fleet, selling tickets to passengers, and minimizing labour, facilities and overhead costs, Air Asia has managed to achieve a successful low-cost structure, which enables it to charge lower prices to achieve high passenger loads, market share, and profitability. Overcoming Challenges to Survive 1. Indonesian Habit Preferences of Indonesian passengers are quite different from the concept of cheap air travel without extra service for the passengers (free snacks and drinks), and also their reluctance to bring light baggage. Air Asia prefers passengers with very light and minimum baggage. If this is the case, it may not before long face difficulties. Indonesian domestic airline companies are able to provide value-added extras like food and beverages as part of their service to the passengers, although at a relatively higher cost. Air Asia will have to overcome this challenge if it wishes to maintain its position in the Indonesian market. Air Asia must be flexible with its strategy and possibly tailor it to the needs of the concerned market in order to gain an advantage. 2. Singapore government rejection Initially, AirAsia wanted to start flights from the southern state of Johor, near Singapore. It was hoping to attract passengers by running a convenient bus service to the city-state. However, Singapore quickly quashed that idea. The Singapore government said it would not approve a bus link for Air Asia because it was not ‘in her national interest’, reflecting fears that Singapore’s Changi airport would lose business to Johor’s new Senai airport. This means Air Asia cannot abandon the use of Changi airport, and therefore has to incur a higher cost. This is because Air Asia suffers due to delays faced at Changi airport. AirAsia finds it stuck between big planes, circling to wait for a slot to open up, which means extra fuel costs. Moreover, the SGD$21 (Rs.923) departure and security tax of Changi is too high for Air Asia’s low-cost operation. Air Asia had asked the Singapore government to waive the fees, however, a request that was not only rejected but also criticized. Besides Singapore – Bangkok, Air Asia now provides an alternative route to travel to Bangkok, by using Senai Airport in Johor Bahru, in southern Malaysia. Seeking to cater to the different markets, fares for Johor Bahru- Bangkok are generally 20 % lower in comparison to Singapore – Bangkok. AirAsia currently operate daily flights to Bangkok from Johor Bahru. However, the choice proved unpopular, as the route failed to attract Singaporeans because of the additional cost and inconvenience of having to travel in and out of Malaysia by road. All these affect Air Asia external growth. If it is to flourish in this lucrative part of the world Air Asia has to face the competition and adapt to the ground realities of the South East Asian countries. 3. Minimum air-fare rates Air Asia faces challenges finding open takeoff and landing slots at opportune times, and Thailand’s regulation that sets minimum air-fare rates. Although Transport Minister Suriya Jungrungreangkit said the current minimum air-fare regulations will be scrapped to open up the market, he couldn’t name a date when this will be done. This seems to be favoritism toward Thai Airways International’s domestic operations, and affects Thai Air Asia to compete in the Thailand market. 4. Asia’s middle class growth Low cost airlines are anticipated to have greater potential in Asia as there are many Asian cities with a population above one million people each as well as a rising middle class population. This growth of middle class in Asia provides a huge market potential for Air Asia to grow. However, as the market is becoming larger, more airlines or new comers would like to get a piece of the action. For example, budget airlines, it is estimated, will capture at least 25% of Asia’s air travel market within next 10 years and a lot of that will be new, not diverted, traffic. Therefore, AirAsia will face more competitions at the same time. Besides the low cost airlines, Air Asia still needs to compete with the conventional carriers. Although extra passengers of the low cost airlines will be coming from the new demand to be created by the low fares, the growth may not be entirely ‘stolen’ from big flag carriers. 5. Actions of Changi International Airport(Singapore) and others The growth of low cost airlines in south-east Asia has a significant effect on which airports will dominate the regional aviation market. Low cost airlines are seen as helping funnel more passengers to airport hubs. Therefore, there is a realization among regional governments that they need smashing airports and feisty carriers or they are going to miss out big time. Therefore, these governments are more willing to support low cost airlines. For example, the Malaysian government supported the establishment of Air Asia in 2001 to help boost the under-used Kuala Lumpur International Airport, and Thai premier’s Shin Corp. forms a join venture with AirAsia that would benefit Bangkok’s new airport and create a new hub at Chiang Mai. Therefore, under this situation, it helps AirAsia grow in Asia. Moreover, as there is a growth of several south-east Asian airports, this poses a challenge to the status of Singapore’s Changi airport as a regional aviation hub. These airports include Johor’s new Senai airport in southern Malaysia and Bangkok’s new Suvarnabhumi airport. To maintain Changi’s position as the air hub in the region, Singapore is proposing a budget airline terminal at Changi and lower passenger taxes to attract low cost airlines. This helps AirAsia grow and lower the cost. 6. Actions of existing airlines The existing airlines in south-east Asia have several actions to compete with AirAsia, for example, some have launched a low cost airline to fight with Air Asia. Singapore Airlines launched a low cost airline subsidiary, Tiger Airways, in the second half of 2003, only months after the scheduled launch of ValuAir set up by one of its former executives. Orient Thai Airlines launched a new low cost airline subsidiary, One-To-Go. One-To-Go operates with a fleet of six Boeing 757-200s and match any fares that Thai Air Asia offers. They also have the frequency and capacity to offer to their 13 domestic destinations. They also have, during the past two years, worked to improve operational efficiency, slashing unprofitable domestic routes, increasing flights on busy routes, strengthening yield management and controlling costs. All these make Air Asia face a huge competition. Conclusion Air Asia Low cost airlines are anticipated to have greater potential in Asia as there are many Asian cities with a population above one million people each as well as a rising middle class population. It is time for AirAsia to exploit the potentials of affordable air travel by Asia’s growing middle class. Besides starting services to the Pearl River Delta in south China Air Asia can expand its services to the coastal cities in China. Besides the growth of Asian middle class, the liberalization of aviation sector of India is another reason for Air Asia to open more Asian market. The Indian government has liberalized the aviation sector long dominated by the national carriers. Now, only a few low cost airlines, e.g. Indigo, Go Air and Spice Jet have launched their services there. Moreover, the national carriers, Indian Airlines or Air India, despite their domination of the Indian skies, do not seem to be much interested in operating low-cost services. Air Asia has recently announced its arrival in India by tying with industrial giants Tata Group who incidentally pioneered aviation in the country. Air Asia should put more effort to set up a pan-Asian low cost airline with Virgin Blue, which is a low cost carrier of Virgin Group serving Australia and New Zealand mainly. Virgin Blue has suggested it may extend services to south-east Asia. Therefore, setting up a join venture with Virgin Blue can help AirAsia to grow in Asia even further, and help Virgin Blue to extend services to south-east Asia. This partnership could bring synergy between the two airlines and carry the same advantages for Air Asia as with its partnership with Shin Corp. in Thailand. A study by the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation confirms that Asia continues to offer attractive conditions for the air transportation industry. With thirteen out of world’s top twenty-five major urban centres located in the Asia Pacific region and a rapidly increasing urbanization trends, the Asian air travel market is bound to continue to grow. Urbanization is highlighted as one of the key drivers for the growth in air travel. It is estimated that Asia would account for 30% of the world market by 2019, or one third of growth between now and then. Low Cost Carriers in Asia Over the last few years, lost cost carriers in Asia have been rapidly expanding and steadily eating into the market share of full service carriers. This trend shows no signs of abating as the region’s LCCs (low cost carriers) continue to order new aircraft at ferocious rates. By global standards, Asian LCCs are relatively small, but their growth profile is more extreme. For example, Air Asia has nearly 300 aircraft on order and India’s Indigo has more than 200, Lion Air (a low-cost, but full service airline not listed in this ranking) has well over 100 in the pipeline, each with international intentions, including plans for cross-border joint ventures. As the definition of LCC becomes more blurred, data in this area need to be looked at with some care – thus for example, Virgin Blue/Virgin Australia would no longer describe itself as a low-cost carrier, having evolved its product, while Lion Air displays many of the low-cost characteristics. Low-cost operations still account for only a small proportion of the region’s aviation activity relative to other regions. But this lower quantum should be viewed against the fact that most of the international LCC operations are confronted by bilateral constraints, in fact making the near-20% level impressive. [pic] The overall market in Asia is also growing much faster than other regions. The total Asian passenger market is expected to grow at a rate of about 10% per annum, reaching about 900 million passengers (excluding China) by 2020. As LCCs continue to increase their share of this market, by about two percentage points per annum, they are poised to grow at rate of about 20% per annum. The 20% figure is feasible based on current order books and fleet plans. The LCC growth rate in Asia could even accelerate in the latter portion of this decade and early portion of next decade based on orders recently placed for new narrow body aircraft. Asian LCCs account for a remarkable 65% (488 of 753) of the Airbus A320neos acquired by airline customers worldwide since Airbus launched the A320neo programme late last year (this figure includes MOUs and orders and is of the end of Jun-2011). Leasing companies have also so far committed to 276 A320neos, a large portion of which are expected to be placed with fast growing Asian LCCs. Not a single Asian full service carrier has yet ordered the A320neo (Garuda’s A320neo order is for its low-cost carrier unit Citilink). As Airbus has already sold all delivery slots for the A320neo until late 2018, the growth gap between Asia’s low-cost and full-service carriers on short/ medium-haul routes is likely to accelerate. The A320neo is scheduled to enter service in the fourth quarter of 2015, giving its operators a 15% improvement in fuel burn compared with the current-generation A320. As a result, Asia’s low-cost carriers which have acquired the A320neo will be able to further reduce their already world-leading unit costs. This will widen the competitive advantage LCCs already enjoy and push down fares within Asia further, allowing LCCs to potentially capture all the growth in short-haul markets. Asian full service carriers continue to place orders but these are predominantly for wide body aircraft which will be used on intercontinental routes. Within Asia, full service carriers are stuck in a position where ceding more market share to low-cost carriers is inevitable. It is possible that low-cost carriers could even control 50% of capacity within Asia sometime in the next decade. [pic] At the same time Asia could overtake Europe and North America as the largest LCC market. This would not surprise Asia’s largest low-cost carrier group, Air Asia. The group already expects to grow its fleet to about 500 A320 equivalent aircraft, which would make it the second largest low-cost carrier group in the world after Southwest. Even the 200 A320neos ordered in Jun-2011 may be insufficient to meet Air Asia’s growth requirements. The company is now committed to adding aircraft at a fairly conservative rate of 13 to 20 per year during 2012-2020. Air Asia Group CEO Tony Fernandes has said the group will be able to support 36 deliveries per year once the pending IPOs at its Indonesian and Thai affiliates are completed. The region’s appetite for low fares remains largely unsatisfied. This is evident in the widening load factor gap between LCCs and full service carriers. Load factors at several Asian flag carriers have slipped in recent months into the 70% range, while most low-cost carriers are experiencing loads well above 80% and in some cases even above 90%. All three of the big Asian low-cost carrier groups – Air Asia, Jetstar and Tiger – are currently expanding at rates exceeding 20% per annum. Some low-cost carriers have seen their profits slip this year as it can be difficult for LCCs to pass on rising fuel costs through fare increases. But LCCs have focused on improving ancillary revenues and load factors, allowing them to offset most of the increase in fuel costs. As long as fuel remains at or below its current level, Asia’s low-cost carriers should have a very profitable 2011 and outperform many of the region’s larger full service carriers, in the process again expanding market share. While it is hard to predict profits over the long term, the outlook for low-cost carriers in Asia is generally rosy and their rapid growth is expected to generally be profitable. Bibliography The information for this project has been obtained from the following sources: 1) Airline Leader 2) Wikipedia 3) Linkedin 4) Mayasian Journal of Media Studies 5) IBS Center for Management Research 6) Berg Consulting

IKEA marketing concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IKEA marketing concept - Essay Example Information on what encompasses a target group is crucial in coming up with ideal market segmentation. Characteristics such as lifestyles, language, climate education background, gender, family size, race, nationality, interest and religion of the target group helps in the segmentation process. The market segment in the target market of IKEA Company is accessible, measurable, profitable and market responsive. The target market is mainly located in urban centers. This has made the company to open most of its outlets in urban centers for easy access. The products are designed to meet the needs of both the middle and wealthy. The market segments of the target market are quantifiable in terms of the estimated population size and the estimated disposable income. Generally, the large size of the market segment and their average disposable incomes promises good returns. The target market has in the past shown some positive response to the products. Penetrating the market space will require communicating to the market segment in a way that corresponds to their relevant needs. Every market segment has distinct characteristics such as lifestyle, fashions, tastes and preferences. Communication based on these characteristics can help to reach out to a wider market base. IKEA Company utilizes catalogues and advertisement through the mass media to penetrate the market segments. The diversified commodities which are of different styles, tastes and fashions are the key to the penetration of the market space. Maintenance and protection of the market space requires the company to constantly review on the customers’ needs. To oversee this, the company has customer success...It also stands for the competitive prices offered by the price leader. IKEA Company cuts across the diverse cultures of different countries and so the brand represents the meeting point where global tribes that mind the cost and design converge. The shopping premises of the company are similar and share similar architectural designs and interior designs. They are easy to recognize to its distinct yellow and blue coloration. These combinations make the IKEA a strong global brand. The weakness of the company’s brand is that it is rarely seen and most unknown. The company’s activities are largely concentrated in some countries especially in Europe. The brand is therefore popular and frequently seen within these countries. For the citizens of these countries, it is rarely seen and to most, it is absolutely unknown. This implies that the company has not fully penetrated the target market. There is the potential unexploited market space. The competitiveness of the brand can be heightened by creating awareness of the brand existence in the unexploited areas. Awareness could effectively be done by use of mass media that reaches most people in a continental level. It can also be done through international trade exhibitions that bring international communities together. Sponsoring international activities such sport can also be opportunities of reaching out potential buyers.

Safeguarding Vulnerable Elderly from Physical Abuse Essay

Safeguarding Vulnerable Elderly from Physical Abuse - Essay Example The elderly old are prone to physical abuse and physical neglect. Physical abuse is defined as any act of violence that may lead to injury, pain, disease or impairment. This kind of abuse may take the form of: pushing, pinching, slapping, force feeding, improper administration of medication, incorrect positioning, etc. Signs of physical abuse may include rope marks, lacerations, bruises, fracture and burns. Physical neglect, on the other hand, is typified by a failure by the caregiver to prevent harm or provide desired living condition for an elderly old. This form of abuse encompasses acts such as failure to provide physical aids e.g. hearing aids and eye glasses, and denying health maintenance care to an elderly person (White, 2000).Reasons why the elderly are vulnerable  Vulnerable elderly old may faces abuse from their relatives, family members or paid care givers. The reasons for their vulnerability are quite varied. Physical abuse of elderly people can happen once or may happ en repeatedly. Sudden outburst by the elderly person might lead the care giver to slap the elderly, an act that is considered abusive. Sometimes the care giver might not know how to handle or support an elderly person. This lack of proper training can lead to injuries (Acierno et al, 2010). Most elderly old are slow in conversation and movement. This may frustrate the care giver resulting in rough handling and annoyance. Hot temper from the care giver might result Family members may find it cumbersome and stressful to care.... Physical abuse is defined as any act of violence that may lead to injury, pain, disease or impairment. This kind of abuse may take the form of: pushing, pinching, slapping, force feeding, improper administration of medication, incorrect positioning, etc. Signs of physical abuse may include rope marks, lacerations, bruises, fracture and burns. Physical neglect, on the other hand, is typified by a failure by the caregiver to prevent harm or provide desired living condition for an elderly old. This form of abuse encompasses acts such as failure to provide physical aids e.g. hearing aids and eye glasses, and denying health maintenance care to an elderly person (White, 2000). Reasons why the elderly are vulnerable Vulnerable elderly old may faces abuse from their relatives, family members or paid care givers. The reasons for their vulnerability are quite varied. Physical abuse of elderly people can happen once or may happen repeatedly. Sudden outburst by the elderly person might lead the care giver to slap the elderly, an act that is considered abusive. Sometimes the care giver might not know how to handle or support an elderly person. This lack of proper training can lead to injuries (Acierno et al, 2010). Most elderly old are slow in conversation and movement. This may frustrate the care giver resulting in rough handling and annoyance. Hot temper from the care giver might result into actual physical harm on the elderly person. In a family setup, abuse may occur due to long-standing hostilities between the elderly person and the family members. Family members may find it cumbersome and stressful to care for the elderly relative. Some of these families may leave the elderly person unattended to, exposing him to suffering. Abuse of the elderly old can also take place in a

Stop Smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Stop Smoking - Essay Example Apparently one of the top sellers worldwide are tobacco processing companies. Today and on the past decades, people around the globe felt the addiction of nicotine in cigarettes. Some say they smoke for leisure only, to consume free time, to look cool, or to have something on their mouth to ease salivation, maybe some of them fell to cigarette smoking due to influences by the people surrounding them, and sometimes they smoke only for themselves to feel belongingness to a group. â€Å"So why quit?† one common question mostly thrown by those who smoke to people who is convincing them to stop to. Most smokers, although there are some, do not know what they have been doing to their body and the nature around them by smoking. A person smoking needs to undergo smoking cessation, the process of discontinuing the practice of inhaling smoke, in order to be safe for several health risks and problems in public that may have been caused by smoking. In the U.S. one of five deaths are caused or related to cigarette smoking. The effect of cigarette smoking includes several number of health problems like cancers, lung diseases, heart attacks, strokes and blood vessel ailments, risks to women and babies, or even blindness and death (American Cancer Society). In the late 1990’s, the US CDCP (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) surveys shows that for every year spent smoking lifespan of a person is decreased. In males there is an average of 13.2 years of life that had been lost by smoking and 14.5 among females. However, people who stop smoking enjoy several health benefits and could live more years than those who keep smoking. Illustration from FakhriRamley.com The picture above illustrates the idea of a cause and effect. The text â€Å"Stop smoking or stop breathing† shown above provides the readers or the viewers the idea to hesitate to smoke. It somehow makes them realize something that may happen unto them upon continuing to smoke, death. The skeleton with a cigarette on its mouth implicates the idea of dying; it is because in general people tend to relate death by skeletons symbolically. It gives the readers/viewers the fear to die and hesitate to smoke. (Illustration from FakhriRamley.com) The colors used in t he above illustration were completely bold and compact. The black and white technique used was to provide emphasis and to conduct a direct focus on the part of the reader/viewer. When you look at the picture, you certainly give your focus on the lit cigarette. It strengthens the presentation of the topic which is smoking mainly. While the big letter â€Å"Q† above strikes the idea to the viewer/reader to quit. It is in a bigger size other than any of the elements found on the illustration above. It represents the range of the topic which is to stop smoking. What You Did. What Must You Do.? The above illustrations convey the presentation of the objective of the topic. The readers/viewers were driven to have the contextual idea or concept of thinking that continuing cigarette smoking could have a very strong impact to their health; that it could cause several ailments and health risks, or even death. The bold colors, sizes and shapes of the pictures provide strong impact on uti lizing the main topic. The technique used was to provide the facts and risks of smoking and to drive the readers/viewers to act accordingly in order to prevent those risks from emerging. Effects of Cigarette Smoking Cigarette smoking†¦ Raises blood pressure Suppresses immune function Reduces stamina May cause gum disease May cause emphysema Wrinkles your skin Very addictive Dulls senses of smell and taste Leads to depression and fatigue May cause heart attacks May cause lung cancer May cause DEATH The information graphics used in this stop smoking topic through the above pictures and table that describes the effects of cigarette smoking and the actions to be done to prevent its effects. Information graphics could provide critical thinking of numbers and analysis process without doing calculations and just

Buyer Behaviour & Market Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Buyer Behaviour & Market Research - Essay Example Consumers can express displeasure or detest a product is they have a negative attitude towards it. This negative attitude can be caused by the string cultural or religious beliefs that disfavor it among others. Attitudes are formed and takes two routes; effective or cognitive. Cognition is about the mental process of thinking, memory, judgment, problem solving and decision making, a perception among others. Affective elements consist of feelings, emotions and reflexive responses that we make towards sensations in the environment. The interplay of cognitive and affective elements, therefore, engineer and determine what opinions and attitudes we come up with when making purchases in the market. This essay aims at analyzing the formation of consumer attitudes based on these courses and how different they are. The attitudes consumers form can either benefits or be a drawback to an organization in the market as it decides on whether a customer will choose your product or not. Any effective market strategy is developed with a consideration of the consumer’s attitude. To achieve success in the market, the attitude of consumers cannot be ignored. The marketers have to find a way of changing the attitudes of the potential customer and convince them that their products are the best. The eventual behavior of the customer shall reflect what beliefs the customers attached to the product. The mental aspect of thinking rationally about a product, perceptual process, judgment and mental images created by a product on a customer are some of the important areas that the marketers have to strategize on. The marketing department of an organization is tasked with a responsibility to unearth and understand why certain attitudes subsist amongst the consumers and find ways o changing them to the advan tage of the company in terms of increasing sales and purchasing.

Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Program within a Safety Assurance Research Paper

Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Program within a Safety Assurance - Research Paper Example In the United States, they called Voluntary Safety Programs. In other words, they are particularly named Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA), Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA), Aviation Safety Action Partnership (ASAP), and Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Programs (VDRP) (Kelloway & Cooper, 2011). The absence of these "voluntary" programs, it would imply that the capacity for a specialist to have a fruitful SMS is restricted in that the reporting society and structure important to help and drive the motors of SMS (Safety Risk Management (SRM) and Safety Assurance (SA)) might not be set up. While these voluntary wellbeing projects are presently basically develop inside the U.s. Air transport industry their development has brought about information sources that, while extremely strong, are not organized to backing the framework wellbeing process that is so imperative for SMS to be fruitful or successful. As of now, the Safety Information being gathered inside the carriers brings about a colossal wellspring of information about the operation and the dangers/perils that are intrinsic inside. The accessibility of this data has become altogether in the previous 10-15 years. This is credited to the enormous endeavors of the business to create, push and secure these projects. The consequence has been an emotional change in mischance and episode anticipation. While it is difficult to demonstrate an immediate connection, the lethal mishap rate decrease in the previous 10 years, and the happenstance of the development and development of the Voluntary Safety Programs cant be released. It was resolved early that the simple some piece of the improvement of these projects was the obtaining of this data (in spite of the fact that any individual who has actualized one of these projects realizes that information securing is not an insignificant interest). What got obvious

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The article is in response to the issue of globalization and the need to for a common language to facilitate it. This relates to the concept of culture and its influence, as well as difficulty in communication using non-standard native language. This is by revealing the need for the global society to communicate with ease whether it is in business or cross cultural as seen in the case of Sweden. This is also in terms of other languages having increased numbers of native speakers, as Chinese, but the need to communicate on a cross-cultural basis. Ergo necessitating a common language a position English has proven capable of filling as is demonstrated in the discourse. Concerning ethos, Seth creates credibility in his article by showing accurate command of the topic at hand and citing credible experts in the fields of linguistics and English. The experts include linguists and skeptics such as Nicholas Olster and David Crystal who give expert opinion on issues regarding English as a glob al language (Mydans). Nicholas Purports that while Latin might have appeared set to dominate the world in the 15th century, English is the language to watch in post-20th century times. Crystal on the other hand agrees that English is no doubt dominant in the world than any other language has ever been; nevertheless, he does not commit himself to predict its relevance as interminable. In addition, the author pays attention to other aspects of different language such as Hindi, Phoenician, and Chinese to show cultural differences and their impact on English as a global language these work towards building a strong base for making his claims and facts solid. This is because he presents them as languages that could have a claim to global dominance by virtue of the number of native speakers. He however explains that many parents teach their children English as a second language â€Å"to help them become citizens of an increasingly intertwined world.† Basic knowledge of linguistics is sufficient for one to understand that a language gains prominence not due to its intrinsic structural or lexical configuration but the number of people accepting and learning it as a second language. By conceding to this fact, and undertaking to provide a rational explanation as to why they are not global languages, he appeals to the reader’s sense of logic and hence earns himself credibility points by his objective explanations. Moreover, the writer’s objectivity portrays the writer’s attitude as neutral and unbiased since he evidently is supporting the dominant status of English because of empirical evidences. Based on the writer’s seemly skeptical point of view and the fact that the article appeared on one of America’s prominent newspapers and is available online, his primary audience was no doubt skeptics, and anyone looking for information on the future of English and its globalization. The article’s global outreach makes any global citizen with access to the paper online possibly accidentally (as they may not have been looking for the information), or in related linguistic research a conceivable secondary audience. The attitude or stand of the writer is that of a skeptic as it is based on plenty of speculation, especially on the issue of its

Plz see attachments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plz see attachments - Essay Example In the place that was referred to as the New Spain, St Augustine was the first place to be established (James et al, pp 36). Here was occupied mostly by Indians that were converted to Christianity. At the time New Mexico established, it collapsed because of inadequate wealth. In the New England, separatists and Puritans constituted the population. Following the dissent and reformation of England, the people of England stated to arrive in the new America for the reasons of religion. New England colonies were made up of mostly Catholics and puritans who banked their hope on putting their beliefs in practice with no interference from church hierarchy or England. The colonial extension under Castile’s crown was instigated by Spanish conquerors and grown by Spanish monarchy through its missionaries and administrators. Motivation for the expansion of colonies was increased Christianity faith and trade through local conversations. This took a period of over 400 years from the year 14 92 to the year 1898. To start with is the arrival of Columbus in the year 1942, over 4 centuries the empire of the Spaniards would extend across: in the present day in most Central America, Mexico and Caribbean island; most of American North that include Southern coastal, Southern western, California part of United States; and although not active, with territory claimed presently British Columbia; and states of Oregon, Washington and Alaska; and south America. At the start of 19th C the movements on revolution ended up in independence of many American Spanish colonies, with exception of Puerto Rico and Cuba, released in the year 1898 subsequent to the war waged by Spain against the Americans, together with Philippines and Guam in Pacific. The political loss of the last territories by Spain brought an end to the Spanish colonization (Kathy, pp 64) The settlements of the Spanish in the South West of America and English colonies in the New England in the 17th C may be contrasted in bas ically two ways. To start with, their political patterns were based entirely on different government systems and classes of ruling. Secondly, they used different economic development avenues. The settlements of the Spanish started with Cortes while some conquered Americans of central, south and south west of North America. Following the eradication of a big part of the population of native America, the Spanish started intermarrying with the Native Americans. Consequently, only part of that population composed of pure Spanish. The Spanish held the highest political and social status. The native from Spain were a step ahead of the ones that were born in America while the ones who had Indian heritage or mixed were bottom placed in the social hierarchy. Moreover, as the Spanish arrived as conquerors, consequent system of politics was purely solely and autocratically aimed at extending the motherland. Just after have the Americans conquered, the Spanish stole huge portions of silver, gol d and some valuables. The tradition made a step into the 17th C as the Spanish ships came to America to ferry these valuables like gold and silver to Spain. Through this, the Spanish perceived the Spanish America to be a useful tool to use in its objective of mercantilist. As mercantilism was its sole objective, Spain issued its colonies with slight self rule. Instead, the Spanish rulers decided every policy governing the territories of the new world (Kathy, pp 70) Coming back to the English, their settlement was peaceful on the North

Ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City Essay Example for Free

Ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City Essay Ticketing Offices is an office of Transportation Company, theatrical or entertainment enterprise or ticket agency where tickets are sold and reservation made. A Computer Reservations System or central reservation system (CRS) is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel. Originally designed and operated by airlines, CRSes were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Major CRS operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as Global Distribution Systems (GDS). Airlines have divested most of their direct holdings to dedicated GDS companies, who make their systems accessible to consumers through Internet gateways. Modern GDSes typically allow users to book airline tickets as well as activities and tours. Electronic Ticketing in the airline industry was devised in about 1994. E-ticketing has largely replaced the older multi-layered paper ticketing systems, and since 1 June 2008, it has been mandatory for IATA members. Where paper tickets are still available, some airlines charge a fee for issuing paper tickets. When a reservation is confirmed, the airline keeps a record of the booking in its computer reservations system. Customers can print out or are provided with a copy of their e-ticket itinerary receipt which contains the record locator or reservation number and the e-ticket number. It is possible to print multiple copies of an e-ticket itinerary receipt. An airfare is the price a passenger pays in order to travel by air. The types of fares, rules and restrictions, taxes, etc., are all components that complicate the price involved for a passenger to fly from one place to another. Fares are most often based on one-way or round-trip travel. Fares may be published, unpublished and/or negotiated fares (corporations, or government agencies/organizations may have fares negotiated with an airline at a lower rate). Unpublished fares are also known as consolidated fares and are offered by consolidators and bucket shops. Objectives of the Study The general objective of the study is to determine the contribution of ticketing offices on the influx of tourist in Davao City. Specifically the study aims to: 1. Different ticketing offices in Davao City and the services offered 2. Find out the tourist arrival (2012-2013) in Davao City 3. Determine the advantages of ticketing offices in Davao City. 4. Find out the elicit suggestions of respondents Expected Output 1. Different ticketing offices in Davao City and the services offered. 2. Found out the tourist arrival (2012-2013) in Davao City 3. Determined the advantages of ticketing offices in Davao City. 4. Found out the elicit suggestions of respondents. Scope Limitation of the Study This study limited only the contribution of ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City, their tourist arrival 2012-2013, the advantages of the ticketing offices and find out the elicit suggestions of travelers as respondents. Time Place of the Study This study entitled â€Å"Ticketing Offices: Its Contribution to the Influx of Tourist in Davao City† will be conducted in the City, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. From September to October 2013. Definition of Terms Airline ticket is a document, issued by an airline or a travel agency, to confirm that an individual has purchased a seat on a flight on an aircraft. This document is then used to obtain a boarding pass, at the airport. Then with the boarding pass and the attached ticket, the passenger is allowed to board the aircraft. There are two sorts of airline tickets the older style with coupons now referred to as a paper ticket, and the now more  common electronic ticket usually referred to as an e-ticket. Electronic ticket an electronic form of an airline ticket Influx – an arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things Tourist a person who is traveling, especially for pleasure. TICKETING OFFICES: IT’S CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY SHAHONEY D. DIWAN A Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of International Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management, College of Human Ecology and Food Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, in Partial, Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TRAVEL MANAGEMENT OCTOBER 2013 Republic of the Philippines UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO Kabacan, Cotabato COLLEGE OF HUMAN ECOLOGY AND FOOD SCIENCES APPROVAL OF THESIS OUTLINE Name: SHAHONEY D. DIWAN Degree Sought: BS IN TRAVEL MANAGEMENT Thesis Title: TICKETING OFFICES: IT’S CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFLUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY. APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE Adviser Department Statistician Date Date Department Chairperson Dept. Research Coordinator Date Date College Research Coordinator Dean Date Date Study No.: ________ Recorded by: ________ RECEIVED: Director for Research Development Date Index No.: _______ Recorded by: _______ ACCEPTANCE The thesis outline attached here to entitled â€Å"TICKETING OFFICES: ITS CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFLUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY†, prepared and submitted by SHAHONEY D. DIWAN, in partial fulfilled of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Travel Management, is here by accepted. Adviser Date Accepted as a partial fulfilled of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Travel Management. Research Coordinator, CHEFS Date TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARIES Title Page Approval of Thesis Outline Acceptance Sheet Table of Contents List of Dummy Tables List of Appendices INTRODUCTION Significance of the Study Objectives of the Study Expected Output Scope and Limitation of the Study Time and Place of the Study Definition of Terms REVIEW LITERATURE Ticketing Offices MATERIALS AND METHODS Research Design Location of the Study Respondents of the Study Sampling Procedures Research Instrument Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Analysis LITERATURE CITED APPENDICES LIST OF TABLES Number Title Page 1 Ticketing Offices in Davao City and the services offered 2 Tourist Arrival (2012-2013) 3 Advantages of Ticketing Offices 4 Elicit suggestions of respondents LIST OF FIGURES Number 1 Title The Location of Davao City Page LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Letter Title Page A Letter of Application for Thesis Adviser B Letter of Application for Thesis Title C Letter of Permission to the Manager/owner D Cover Letter E Sample Questionnaire F Schedule of Research Activities G Gantt Chart H Budgetary Requirements I Dummy Tables J Processing Form TICKETING Improve productivity with transparent, traceable and flexible ticketing Airlines are well aware of the need to evolve sales activities and harness the advantage of paperless, electronic ticketing. SITA’s Ticketing improves your airline’s productivity by reducing document issue times by automatically generating travel documents in multiple formats with minimal errors. Ticketing also gives you full control over your electronic miscellaneous document (EMD) products. SITA’s Ticketing enables to you use EMDs to generate substantially higher revenues by selling ancillary service products. OVERVIEW Positive feedback SITA’s Ticketing lets you save costs and boost revenue with real-time sales reporting technology that displays detailed revenue generation indexes. Ticketing collates up-to-date, accurate and detailed sales activity and financial reports from your entire airline, all ticket agents and independent sales offices. e-Ticket innovation The e-ticket database is separate from the airline’s reservation database. With SITA’s Ticketing,e-tickets can be sold by the airline, a global distribution system or an interline partner. SITA’s Ticketing makes e-tickets independently accessible and unlike paper documents, it tracks the use of the ticket. Fully compatible Ticketing is a part of SITA’s Horizon portfolio and is an industry compliant platform designed for airlines using SITA Reservations. SITA Ticketing is also designed to meet IATA’s standard traffic documents (STD) format. BENEFITS SITAs Ticketing provides the following benefits. Expedited and less expensive passenger transactions Improved accuracy and legibility Increased security Increased customer retention Ability to meet changing demands of your business environment Ensured compliance with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and Air Transport Association (ATA) standards E-ticketing provides the following benefits. Reduced costs Saves money by eliminating paper and postage-related costs Promotes low cost distribution channels, such as airline Web sites Enhances passenger handling with automation for example, using kiosks, the Internet and mobile phones Increased productivity and control Maximizes agent productivity by turning call centres into revenue centres Eliminates lost and stolen tickets Reduces the opportunities for fraud Improved service delivery Supports alliance and partner airline interline e-ticketing requirements Ticket changes and/or refund requests are processed more easily Supports ground handling options (i.e., where your airline is ground handled) FEATURES Ticketing offers a wide range of features to improve the productivity of both ticketing and financial management. Multiple ticket formats can be generated automatically (e.g., TAT, OPTAT, ATB2, OPTATB and electronic tickets) Automated Ticket and Boarding pass 2 (ATB2) functionality includes credit  card charge forms, itinerary and address cards ATB2 coupons, with encoded magnetic strips, may be read at check-in and/or used to read ticket data at revenue accounting Electronic tickets may be sold by partner airlines and global distribution systems for both online and interline itineraries Conjunction tickets are issued automatically and an itinerary of up to 20 segments may be issued Easy-to-use document issuance screens are provided for user guidance Multiple printer types are supported allowing you to use your own choice of equipment and vendor The system also has state-of-the-art interfaces to Reservations and Airfare Financial intelligence Ticketing also offers on-demand and automated printing of management reports. These include: Sales summaries of agent and office productivity  Sales reports including refund and exchange information  Real-time financial data can be electronically distributed as required, based on specified financial periods. Financial data can also be reported to the bank settlement plan (BSP) or in-house system based on specified or user-defined financial periods. SITA Global Services (SGS) Ticketing is supported by SITA Global Services (SGS) which provides you with global business continuity through a flexible service model. Our monitoring service ensures your IT systems are reliable and available, around the clock, around the world. Our experts proactively monitor your infrastructure, identifying and resolving problems often before they impact your services. SITA HISTORY SITA was a pioneer in international telecommunications for the air transport industry and has continued to operate at the forefront of technology. From its foundation as Socià ©tà © Internationale de Tà ©là ©communications Aà ©ronautiques, SITA has aimed to bring airlines existing air transport communications facilities together. This allows organizations and the wider industry to take advantage of shared infrastructure cost efficiencies. SITA now serves around 450 members worldwide. These members include airlines, airports, aerospace companies, GDSs, air traffic management organizations, air freight businesses, governments and international organizations. Ticket beefits Biggest Savings: You are guaranteed the best price on your seats. Best Seat Location: We reserve the best available seat locations for you, our Season Ticket Holder. Exclusive Access: Receive behind-the-scenes tours and access to front office and team personnel through exclusive Season Ticket Holder Events. Ticket Usage Flexibility: With our flexible ticket policies, you are able to exchange, re-sell, or donate any unused ticket. First Class Customer Service: Your dedicated Season Ticket Service Account Manager provides you a single point of contact to assist you with your account.

The evolution of communication technology

The evolution of communication technology 1. Communication, the transfer of information, has been the key element needed to establish civilized societies, which require organization and planning. a. In a traditional sense, the advancement of communication technology has also sought to address four unique aspects of information transfer; these are: the speed and distance at which information can be sent and received, the staying power or permanency of the information, and also the volume of information that can be sent. Throughout history, technological innovations have allowed for the steady improvement of all three aspects. However, in the last three decades, advances and globalization has made complicated and convoluted these once unique qualities as factors that were once limiting began to disappear. Vocal and Gestural Communications were Instinct and Natural Had limitations of audibility and clairity. Previous systems of primitive vocations and gestures provided minimal coverage of the three main aspects of human communication. Mutations and evolution provided organ structures that allowed for more complex speech. Although it represented a major advancement of the volume, speed, and distance of communication, the temporary nature of speech and human memory made it unsuitable to foster large amounts of information for long periods of time, a problem that would later be addressed with the aid of technology. Written and Recorded History Earliest were ideograms and pictograms. Provided minimal but adequate record of history that allowed for passing of information. Later forms allowed for paper and writing. Distance Communication Signal fires, horns, drums Sacrificed volume for distance. Modern Age All four factors optimized in the new age. Jay Zhang Johnson AP World History 2nd Period 25 May 2009 The Evolution of Communication Technology Throughout history, the human propensity to communicate effectively has always been a factor that has defined the gap of intelligence between animals and humans. Communication, the transfer of information, has been the key element needed to establish civilized societies, which require organization and planning. The relationship between the advancement of a civilization and the advancement of communication technology is not a simple cause-effect relationship but a relationship of mutual gain; the development of superior methods of communication allow a society to advance while the advancement of a society is necessary for the development of new methods of communication. In a traditional sense, the advancement of communication technology has also sought to address four unique aspects of information transfer; these are: the speed and distance at which information can be sent and received, the staying power or permanency of the information, and also the volume of information that can be sent. Throughout history, technological innovations have allowed for the steady improvement of all three aspects. However, in the last three decades, advances and globalization has made complicated and convoluted these once unique qualities as factors that were once limiting began to disappear. The ability to perform most primitive form of communication, intuitive and instinctive vocations and gestures were ingrained from birth into the bodies of the earliest humanoid species of the Paleolithic age starting over two and a half million years ago with the emergence of the genus homo, an intelligent being capable of forming primitive societies. True speech, familiar to what we hear today was the first major change in the advancement of communication. Anthropologists believe that evolutionary advances and a mutation in the Foxp2 gene around 400,000 years ago were responsible for producing the modern organ structures of the larynx, tongue, and diaphragm that are responsible for human speech. Although not technically a technology, speech would be the first major improvement in communication. Previous systems of primitive vocations and gestures provided minimal coverage of the three main aspects of human communication. Primitive vocations and gestures provided very little informa tion; additionally, the information would be sent a short distance limited by visual and audible range of human vocations which were both quieter and less clear than modern speech. Therefore, expressing complex ideas would have taken an exceptional amount of time. Modern speech was louder and provided improved clarity which effectively sped up the rate in which information could be expressed. Abstract ideas became easier to represent through speech and thoughts became easier to transmit. Speech led to the improvement of three aspects of communication: speed, distance, and volume. Though revolutionary, speech also presented a set of challenges. Because speech is ephemeral and only captured in time through memory, the transmissions of information from one generation to the next, or even simply between contemporary humans were limited to what could be remembered and eventually passed on. This problem was evident in Western Africa, as even later cultures continued to operate in a tribal system with only speech as a system of communication. During times of war, rival African tribes would aim to kill the griot, the oral historians, of the opposing tribe in the effort to pacify their enemy. Doing so would result in the loss of many generations of tribal history. Although it represented a major advancement of the volume, speed, and distance of communication, the temporary nature of speech and human memory made it unsuitable to foster large amounts of information for long periods of time, a problem that would later be addressed with the aid of technology. The next major advance in communication technology came with the advancement of technology in the field of basic tools and shelters. In the late Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic times, the emergence of cave paintings, pictograms, ideograms, and petroglyphs addressed the fundamental challenged posed by the previous systems of oral history and communication. This problem was the staying power or permanency of the information. Cave paintings, followed by my complex systems of pictograms and ideograms allowed for the preservation of thought and thus the transmission of ideas even after death. Early pictograms only represented tangible objects while the later emergence of ideograms were used to convey the abstract ideas associated with a certain object. However petroglyphs, symbols carved in stone, were not the only form of early recorded information. The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and China developed early forms of paper to record written information. Uniquely, ancient c ivilizations in South America, particularly the Inca, did not develop writing but instead a system of tying knots to express numerical ideas. Thus, not only did the permanency of communication increase, the depth and volume of information that could be conveyed also increased as a direct result of the development of recorded information. The technological breakthrough of paper, a surface that compared to stone was lighter and more compact increased the rate at which information could be recorded and shared by providing an easily transportable surface that provided an easier method of writing. The early forms of recorded information, paintings and symbols which later evolved into paper, writing, and eventually printing, provided significant improvements in all four of the fundamental aspects of communication technology but most significantly, the permanency compared to the previous purely vocal and gestural methods. Though all four of the fundamental aspects of communication technology had improved drastically from Paleolithic times, one aspect not heavily addressed by the technological innovation of recording information physically was the distance to which information could be transmitted. Nearly all communication until 3000 BCE was limited to, at maximum the distance to which the human voice could travel. Around this time however, the invention of the signal drum allowed for a drastic increase in the distance in which information could be sent. Other inventions that served a similar purpose were also soon introduced. These included the signal horn and also the signal fire. The latter was used by the early Aborigines but its use continued to Qin China where it was used to quickly pass messages along the Great Wall. All of these methods of communication had a similar benefit as well as a similar drawback. Signal fires, drums, and smoke provided comparatively fast communication at extended dist ances but because of their very nature that allowed them to transmit information and be understood at a distance, they provided relatively little amounts of information volume. For example, a signal fire could only be used to convey a limited number of messages. Contemporary communication systems such as the postal system, which first emerged in 2400 BCE in Persia under Cyrus the Great allowed for the long distance transmission of a larger volume of information but at a slower rate. The invention of long distance, low volume information transmitters continued well into the 1800s CE with the invention of the telegraph. However, this is not to say that there were not significant advances in the volume of information that could be sent until this time. The invention of moveable type by the Chinese and then improved by Guttenberg in Germany was the major factor that contributed to the end of the Middle Ages. This statement simply emphasizes how the combination these two challenges were exceedingly difficult to overcome. Not until the invention of the radio would the gap between distance and volume close significantly. Perhaps the greatest achievements of technological innovation in the field of communication have all taken place in the modern age. Though communication technology has aided civilization since the beginning of human history, the globalization and interconnectedness observed today did not begin to form until the later industrial revolution but more so in recent decades. The greatest strives in communication technology that has nearly maximized the accommodations for the challenges posed by all four aspects of communication technology: speed, volume, distance, and permanency have all occurred in recent years. The invention of the radio in 1902 was both an iconic and realistic definition of the modern communication age. Still in wide use today, in addition to providing the ability to transmit information over a wide area wirelessly, the radio also provided a large step up in information volume from the telegraph by replacing an inefficient system of text messaging to wireless voice com munication. The later development of the television in 1923 further developed this same model by adding a new level of information transfer, visuals. Both radio and televisions were responsible for the broadening in the volume and speed at which communication could occur. The later invention and widespread use of taping and personal recording in 1934 added to the expanded the permanency of these communication technologies. The initiating relationship between the role of communication technology in the start of the modern age and the modern ages role in the creation of new technology is a prime example of the convoluted relationship of mutual gain described earlier. Even in the beginning of the modern communication age with the invention of radio and television, the once distinct lines between speed, distance, volume, and permanency began to blend as each was reaching new heights, perhaps human maximums. The speed of television and radio can be described as a human infinity, or near instantaneous, at least with respect to practicality. In addition to speed, by 1949 the coverage of television had become global in many developed nations, taping and recording become common and therefore information was rarely lost. As speed, distance, and permanency reached new heights, the exact definitions between them were blurred for the first time in history. Puzzling, but perhaps useless questions emerge from this historically unprecedented situation; clearly, the level of communication has risen dramatically, but to name what factor it can be attributed most is nearly impossible as the it is often impossible to distinguish them. The main cause of the confus ion has been removal of all historical limits. Using even a relatively recent example, the sacrifice of information volume for speed and distance during the widespread use of the telegraph, a revolutionary invention of its time, was overcome permanently by the use of the telephone, cell phone, radio, and television. The latest significant advance in communication technology aimed to maximize information volume to a similar degree to which speed, distance, and permanency have been. Computers, but more importantly the release and commercialization of the internet, in 1994 have revolutionized the volume of information that can be sent and received. The major change with respect to television, the previously frontrunner in communication technology is that the internet allows for the individual to request information in the same format, video, and many others in a comprehensive system. The volume of information that can be received by the computer is scores more than what can be received by the television. The internet which spans the globe has created a society more interconnected than ever before in history by not only providing a networked of linked computers, but also the backbone for all digital information transfer on earth. It is possible that a human chauvinism for the cotemporary distorts the view of the tremendous advances and advantages the modern age provides, but more likely, the innovations of the modern age in the field of communication technology are simply truly remarkable strides that have created a globally aware population that can communicate at virtually infinite speed, distance, volume, and permanency. Works Cited Ashford, Jenny. The Evolution of Human Speech. 20 October 2008. 23 May 2009 . Ancient and Modern Drums. Musical Instruments Drum. 2008. 23 May 2009 . Bellis, Marry. The History of Communication. About.com: Inventors. 2008. About. 22 May 2009 . Hoffman, Barbara G. Griots at War: Conflict, Conciliation and Caste in Mande. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001. McCannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. How to Prepare for the AP World History. 11th ed. Danbury: Barrons Educational Series, 2008. McClellan, James E. Science and Technology in World History an Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2006. Petroglyphs Pictographs Cave Paintings Geoglyphs Crystalinks. Crystalinks Metaphysical and Science Website. 2008. 23 May 2009 . White, Nancy. Middle and Upper Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers The Emergence of Modern Humans, The Mesolithic. 2008. 23 May 2009 . White, Nancy. Middle and Upper Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers The Emergence of Modern Humans, The Mesolithic. 2008. 23 May 2009 . Ashford, Jenny. The Evolution of Human Speech. 20 October 2008. 23 May 2009 . White, Nancy. Hoffman, Barbara G. Griots at War: Conflict, Conciliation and Caste in Mande. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001. White, Nancy. Petroglyphs Pictographs Cave Paintings Geoglyphs Crystalinks. Crystalinks Metaphysical and Science Website. 2008. 23 May 2009 . Petroglyphs Pictographs Cave Paintings Geoglyphs Crystalinks. Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. How to Prepare for the AP World History. 11th ed. Danbury: Barrons Educational Series, 2008. Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. Ancient and Modern Drums. Musical Instruments Drum. 2008. 23 May 2009 . Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. McClellan, James E. Science and Technology in World History an Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2006. McClellan, James E. Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. Bellis, Marry. The History of Communication. About.com: Inventors. 2008. About. 22 May 2009 . Bellis, Marry Bellis, Marry Bellis, Marry. Bellis, Mary.

Immigration Case Study :: Immigration Immigrant Essays Papers

Immigration Case Study Four hours a week, discussing the issues of immigration, combined with a mountain of reading on the topic will eventually have an effect on a person's every day outlook. I discovered as much during my last semester at University. The absence of thought was more than made up for in the ensuing semester, as the ideas we discussed in class oozed into my daydreams, my personal time, and my personal associations. And if all that hadn?t happened, I never would have met Rosa. I came down the stairs in the hotel reservation center where I work and slid down the worn, but very clean tiles towards the employee?s break room. As had become a habit in the past few weeks, I was thinking over the most recent reading from SOC 331. This one was by Jo Ann Koltyk?New Pioneers in the Heartland, Hmong Life in Wisconsin. It told the story of several Hmong refugees who were carving out a new life for themselves in Wisconsin. It was filled with statistics and numbers, but what always came back to me when I least expected it was the people, and the faces that I dreamed up for them. Sometimes I would try to see out from inside those faces and watch how folks reacted to me, wondering if they wanted me to leave and go back ?home.? But, of course, being a white boy from Utah, I was one of the least qualified for that little piece of introspection. Rosa was mopping the otherwise empty break room. I didn?t know her name at that point. In fact I had never given her more than a friendly smile before side-stepping her custodian cart, and heading back to the time clock. I had heard her speaking in Spanish to the few other janitors, all of whom worked the late shift like me on the weekends. I worked poor hours because I was relatively new in my department. They worked them, I assumed because no one wanted to see floors being mopped during the day. As I stepped into the room this time, I looked at the woman who was cleaning the tiles for me and discovered that I was impressed. Immigration Case Study :: Immigration Immigrant Essays Papers Immigration Case Study Four hours a week, discussing the issues of immigration, combined with a mountain of reading on the topic will eventually have an effect on a person's every day outlook. I discovered as much during my last semester at University. The absence of thought was more than made up for in the ensuing semester, as the ideas we discussed in class oozed into my daydreams, my personal time, and my personal associations. And if all that hadn?t happened, I never would have met Rosa. I came down the stairs in the hotel reservation center where I work and slid down the worn, but very clean tiles towards the employee?s break room. As had become a habit in the past few weeks, I was thinking over the most recent reading from SOC 331. This one was by Jo Ann Koltyk?New Pioneers in the Heartland, Hmong Life in Wisconsin. It told the story of several Hmong refugees who were carving out a new life for themselves in Wisconsin. It was filled with statistics and numbers, but what always came back to me when I least expected it was the people, and the faces that I dreamed up for them. Sometimes I would try to see out from inside those faces and watch how folks reacted to me, wondering if they wanted me to leave and go back ?home.? But, of course, being a white boy from Utah, I was one of the least qualified for that little piece of introspection. Rosa was mopping the otherwise empty break room. I didn?t know her name at that point. In fact I had never given her more than a friendly smile before side-stepping her custodian cart, and heading back to the time clock. I had heard her speaking in Spanish to the few other janitors, all of whom worked the late shift like me on the weekends. I worked poor hours because I was relatively new in my department. They worked them, I assumed because no one wanted to see floors being mopped during the day. As I stepped into the room this time, I looked at the woman who was cleaning the tiles for me and discovered that I was impressed.

Violence in the Media :: essays research papers

It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. It is seen in the muggings on the streets, physical assaults in back alleys, shootings at schools, and even at home. The last of these, surprisingly, is a major source of violence. In most living rooms there sits an outlet of the most violent behavior and it often goes unnoticed. It is the television and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world with sometimes devastating results. More parents are using television as a means of entertaining their children when they are unable to, and the amount of television that children are watching is a growing concern in our society. In 1950, only 10% of American homes had a television and by 1960 the percentage had grown to 90%. Today, 99% of homes have a television. (Note 1) The results of many experiments and research have all shown that television is a major source of violent behavior in children and that the two do, in deed, go hand in hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As much as society would like to ignore the fact, violence in the media does affect children. In New York, a 16-year-old boy broke into a cellar. When the police apprehended him and asked him why he was wearing gloves, he replied that he had learned to do so from television as to not leave fingerprints. In Alabama, a nine-year-old boy received a bad report card from his teacher. He suggested sending the teacher poisoned candy in retaliation as he had seen on television the night before. In California, a seven-year-old boy sprinkled broken glass into the stew his family was to eat for dinner. When asked why, he replied that he wanted to see if the results would be the same in real life as they were on television. These are certainly sobering examples of how television can affect a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The average child spends approximately 28 hours a week watching television; twice as much time as is spent in school. By the age of 18, one child will have witnessed over 200,000 acts of violence on television, to include 16,000 murders. (Note 2) One might argue that these are impressionable children with no sense of right and wrong; however, some psychologists and psychiatrists feel that continued exposure to such violence might unnaturally speed up the impact of the adult world on the child.

Eveline´s Decision in Eveline by James Joyce :: essays research papers

In the short story â€Å"Eveline â€Å" by James Joyce, Eveline, the protagonist is given the opportunity to escape from her hard unendurable life at home and live a life of true happiness at Buenos Ayres with Frank, her lover. Throughout the story, Eveline is faced with a few good memories of her past from her childhood and her mother, but she also faces the horrible flashbacks of her mother’s illness and her father’s violence. In the end, she does not leave with Frank, Eveline’s indecisiveness and the burden of her family’s duties makes her stay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By not taking that opportunity, Eveline probably missed a life of exploration with Frank. Eveline would have had the chance to know what independence feels like and she would have had the chance to experience individual freedom. Instead, her life afterwards is a life of regret and imprisonment with her family. Being an only child, she is bound by her family’s actions and their duties. Eveline has taken on an incredible part of the burden in keeping the family together. Her father is an overbearing and unfair man who takes his daughters earnings for himself; and rather than appreciating her sacrifices, he ridicules her. As she now lives with her dad and her two brothers, she feels tired and frustrated with her dad’s commands and her everyday life. Everyday, she sadly waits for frank to come back into her life once again and fill her life with happiness. Eveline may possibily in the future live her freedom when her controlling father passes away, but p erhaps it will become too late for her to experience the freedom she wanted.